Neural Network-Enhanced Performance Rapid Prediction and Matching Optimization Framework for Solid Rocket Motor

During the preliminary design of flight vehicles, i.e., missiles or guided rockets, propulsion system performance serves as a critical determinant of both maximum range and terminal velocity. However, complex grain configurations in solid rocket motors (SRMs) typically require geometric modeling software to obtain burning surface area, which severely constrains efficiency. To address this challenge, this study presents a neural network-enhanced rapid performance prediction and matching optimization framework for solid rocket motors (NN-SRM). In NN-SRM, neural networks are employed to simulate the evolution of key parameters during grain combustion, including burning surface area, grain volume, and moment of inertia. The zero-dimensional internal ballistics equations coupled with one-dimensional steady isentropic flow relations are incorporated into the framework to rapidly obtain thrust curves. A discrete–continuous mixed differential evolution algorithm is further employed to identify the optimal grain configuration that satisfies specific thrust requirements. Results demonstrate that, as for cylindrical, star, and finocyl grains, the neural network achieves R² exceeding 0.95. Finally, thrust matching optimization is conducted on three grains and achieves promising thrust solutions for the conditions of large thrust with short time and small thrust with long time, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of the constructed NN-SRM.