Measurement and Modeling of THz Channel Reflection from Time-Varying Water Interfaces

Terahertz (THz) communication promises ultra-high data rates but remains vulnerable to reflection-induced fading in dynamic water-boundary environments. This work proposes a dual-scale scattering model based on the Improved Integral Equation Method (I2 E M) to characterize THz signal behavior over fluctuating water surfaces. Controlled wave tank experiments and swimming pool field measurements confirm that the model accurately predicts power loss trends across varying wave amplitudes. Near-grazing paths exhibit up to 12 dB degradation under high surface agitation. Furthermore, statistical analysis reveals that the Weibull distribution best captures the fading characteristics, outperforming Rayleigh and Rician models.