TY - JOUR
T1 - Low-melting phosphate glasses as flame-retardant synergists to epoxy
T2 - Barrier effects vs flame retardancy
AU - Liu, Wei
AU - Pan, Ye Tang
AU - Zhang, Jing
AU - Zhang, Lu
AU - Moya, José Serafín
AU - Cabal, Belén
AU - Wang, De Yi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - In this research, low-melting phosphate (LMP) glasses (G1, G2, G3) were employed as green flame-retardant synergist additives in epoxy (EP)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) composite. To investigate their performance as flame-retardant additives, comprehensive fire tests and characterizations were carried out, including limiting oxygen index test, UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test, real-time temperature detection, X-ray microtomography, and char residue strength analysis. A prominent improvement of flame-retardant properties was observed in EP composites containing LMP glasses. EP/9%APP/1%G1 reached V-0 rating in UL-94 test and showed a decreased peak heat release rate by around 40% over EP/10%APP in the cone calorimeter test. It found that LMP glasses mainly showed the physical barrier effect in the condensed phase flame retardancy. Interestingly, via simulating different combustion temperatures, LMP glasses reveal different flame-retardant performance. The mechanism was further elucidated as: A match between the LMP glass phase-transition temperature range and the combustion temperature contributed to the optimized flame-retardant performances. This result provided enlightenment for the design and application of phase-transition additives toward improving the flame-retardant properties in polymer composites.
AB - In this research, low-melting phosphate (LMP) glasses (G1, G2, G3) were employed as green flame-retardant synergist additives in epoxy (EP)/ammonium polyphosphate (APP) composite. To investigate their performance as flame-retardant additives, comprehensive fire tests and characterizations were carried out, including limiting oxygen index test, UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test, real-time temperature detection, X-ray microtomography, and char residue strength analysis. A prominent improvement of flame-retardant properties was observed in EP composites containing LMP glasses. EP/9%APP/1%G1 reached V-0 rating in UL-94 test and showed a decreased peak heat release rate by around 40% over EP/10%APP in the cone calorimeter test. It found that LMP glasses mainly showed the physical barrier effect in the condensed phase flame retardancy. Interestingly, via simulating different combustion temperatures, LMP glasses reveal different flame-retardant performance. The mechanism was further elucidated as: A match between the LMP glass phase-transition temperature range and the combustion temperature contributed to the optimized flame-retardant performances. This result provided enlightenment for the design and application of phase-transition additives toward improving the flame-retardant properties in polymer composites.
KW - Barrier effect
KW - Epoxy
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Lmelting phosphate glass
KW - Phase-transition
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85099617699
U2 - 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109495
DO - 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109495
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85099617699
SN - 0141-3910
VL - 185
JO - Polymer Degradation and Stability
JF - Polymer Degradation and Stability
M1 - 109495
ER -