Low-density, large-sized SiCnw/SiOC composite aerogels with excellent thermal insulation, microwave absorption, and thermostability

Polymer-derived ceramic aerogels are promising materials for thermal insulation and microwave absorption in harsh environments because their microstructures can be controlled at the molecular level. Silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) aerogels are considered as potential high-temperature electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers, but their application range is limited by complex preparation process and unsatisfactory microwave-absorption performance. This paper reports a new SiC nanowire/SiOC composite aerogel (SCA) synthesized through the sol–gel process, environmental pressure drying, and high-temperature treatment. The SCA performance is adjusted by controlling the ratio of SiC nanowires, obtaining low thermal conductivities (0.04–0.042 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) and excellent mechanical properties (4.37–5.45 MPa). Increasing the SiC nanowire content gradually increases the EMW absorption capacity of SCA. The optimal reflection loss is −53.64 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth is 3.88 GHz, substantially higher than that of SiOC aerogels. This high performance is mainly attributable to the appropriate impedance matching characteristics and strong polarization loss ability. Moreover, the performance of the composite aerogels was retained after long-term treatment in an air environment at 800 °C. SCA also exhibits excellent high-temperature insulation and flame retardancy. Owing to its light weight, strong microwave-absorption ability, good thermal insulation performance, and oxidation resistance, SCA is a highly promising alternative material for use in extreme environments.