Intelligent Breathing Electronic Skin Inspired by Nepenthes for Active Sweat Management, Multimodal Sensing and High-Fidelity Electromyographic Teleoperation Using Machine Learning

A Nepenthes-inspired Janus e-skin (SPTL) was developed to achieve active unidirectional sweat transport while maintaining high breathability, waterproofness, and biocompatibility for prolonged skin dryness. The SPTL offers 627% stretchability and multimodal sensing (including Morse code and non-contact capacitive sensing) and enables high-fidelity acquisition of electroencephalogram, electromyogram, electrocardiogram, and electrooculogramsignals. By integrating machine learning, SPTL-based sensing allows for precise electromyogram control of a quadruped robot and letter recognition with >95% accuracy.