Insights into Large-Scale Fabrication Methods in Perovskite Photovoltaics

As an emerging sunlight-harvesting material, halide perovskite has obtained extensive achievements on device efficiency and stability in the past decade. Especially, the efficiency of lab-scale perovskite solar cells (PSCs, 25.2%) is already comparable with that of crystalline silicon solar cells. However, the development of large-scale perovskite solar modules is far behind small area devices due to difficult fabrication process and stringent requirements for film quality, the Achilles’ heel to hinder their commercialization. Therefore, the coating techniques of perovskite modules need to be developed and optimized continuously. Moreover, the underlying mechanism along with these coating processes should be revealed urgently. Herein, the recent advances for several popular coating methods are systematically summarized that are widely applied in the deposition of large-scale films. The relevant mechanistic study, including the formation of wet film, and subsequent nucleation and growth kinetics during coating process, are discussed. The main target is to gain insight into the large-scale PSCs fabrication. Hopefully, useful guidance is provided to further improvement of efficiency and stability of PSCs, which finally promotes their commercialization.