Hot-pressed MOF@POSS-TCPP hybrid coatings enable multifunctional protective textiles

Multifunctional protective textiles that resist fire, suppress bacterial contamination, and enable the conversion of chemical warfare agent simulants are highly desirable for harsh operational environments. Herein, a hybrid coating was constructed on cotton, polyester (PET), and polyester/cotton blended fabrics (T/C) using a two-step hot-pressing route. A Zn-based dual-ligand metal organic framework (MOF) layer was first grown in situ to provide flame-retardant catalysis and antibacterial Zn²⁺ activity, followed by the introduction of amino-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and immobilization of Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) through interfacial interactions to form a robust hybrid network. The resulting fabrics showed substantially improved flame-retardant performance, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of cotton increasing from 17.7% to 44.8%, together with high char yield. They also exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with more than 99.9% inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and enabled light-driven degradation of chemical warfare agents (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, CEES), achieving approximately 95% conversion within 10 min. In addition, all coated fabrics retained more than 90% of their initial LOI values after 30 laundering cycles, indicating good laundering resistance of the flame-retardant performance. This work offers a scalable strategy for integrated multifunctional protective textiles.