Glucose regulation for subjects with type 1 diabetes using active disturbance rejection control

In artificial pancreas (AP) systems, control algorithms play an important role in the blood glucose (BG) regulation. The ability of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), which can deal with various disturbances, enables it to become a promising approach in the control algorithm design for BG regulation when facing many disturbances (e.g. glucose fluctuation caused by meal intakes and exercises). In this paper, an ADRC controller is proposed for the AP systems. To ensure the safety, the insulin on board (IOB) constraints and the insulin delivery constraints are introduced to the ADRC controller. The controller is evaluated on the FDA-accepted UVA/Padova TIDM simulator with the 10-adult cohort. For both announced and unannounced meals, the controller achieves satisfactory performance in terms of mean glucose (139.9 mg/dl for announced meals, 157.9 mg/dl for unannounced meals) and percentage time in [70, 180] mg/dl (91.5% for announced meal, 68.9% for unannounced meals) without having the risk of hypoglycemia.