From Resilience Characteristics to Assessment Methods: A Comprehensive Review and Methodological Roadmap for Energy Systems

The unpredictability of disruptive events such as natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, and technical failures, and their profound impact on energy systems, make enhancing energy system resilience particularly important. The key to achieving the desired resilience goals lies in measuring the system’s resilience level and evaluating relevant strategies to guide the optimization of energy system resilience. However, existing studies and their methods in this field are diverse and complex, requiring systematic collation and comparison. This study develops a systematic framework for classifying energy system resilience characteristics into structural and functional categories, providing a comprehensive view of resilient energy systems’ capabilities across various dimensions. Subsequently, a detailed review of academic research methods for measuring resilience levels and evaluating resilience strategies is provided. By synthesizing the features of each method, a navigation framework for selecting research methods in energy system resilience studies is proposed. The framework offers a systematic reference for selecting research perspectives and methods in addressing energy system resilience challenges.