Evaluating color consistency between the LCD display and varied wide color gamuts displays using CIE color-matching functions

This study investigated observer metamerism and the predictive performance of CIE color matching functions (CMFs) in white-point matching tasks on wide-gamut displays with different technologies (LCD, Mini-LED, laser projector) but similar gamut sizes. Using a cross-display matching paradigm, 30 observers completed 9,300 matches to 56 reference stimuli sampled along the Planckian locus, spanning correlated color temperatures from 4000 K to 10000 K with varying Duv offsets. Experiments were conducted at 4° and 10° fields of view stimuli. The color difference between the visual matches was evaluated using the CIE 1931, CIE 1964, and the CIE 2006 CMFs with computational fields of view from 1° to 10°. The results reveal markedly larger inter-observer variability for narrowband laser projection, followed by Mini-LED displays, compared with conventional LCDs. The results indicate that variations in gamut area exhibit a limited effect on white-point matching performance, whereas the spectral characteristics of primaries highly influence the degree of cross-display color mismatches. Stimulus field of view critically determines optimal CIE 2006 CMFs parameters through “half-field effect”: computational FOVs of 2°–3° minimize mismatch for 4° stimuli, while 4°–5° CMFs prove optimal for 10° stimuli. Such parameter misalignments, particularly when age deviations beyond 30 years for our 24-year-old cohort, substantially degrade predictive accuracy, with laser projectors exhibiting the severest sensitivity.