TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced precision data center server power consumption model with temperature estimation based on CPU operating statues
AU - Yu, Lujie
AU - Liu, Donghao
AU - Zhu, Jiebei
AU - Zhou, Huan
AU - Li, Yunfeng
AU - Wang, Yongzhen
AU - Jia, Hongjie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025/9/15
Y1 - 2025/9/15
N2 - To mitigate energy consumptions in data centers, the accurate establishment of a server power consumption model is imperative. Traditional server power consumption model, which rely solely on CPU utilization, often overlook the CPU temperature and operating statues inherent characteristics, resulting in substantial forecast errors. In response to this gap, a novel enhanced precision Power consumption Model based on Temperature estimation considering CPU working state (PMTC) model, is proposed based on the identification of CPU operating statuses. By incorporating temperature variables at the initial model construction phase, the PMTC model effectively captures the delayed dynamic characteristics of server power consumption changes that are influenced by the lagging adjustments in CPU core temperatures, thereby eliminating temperature-related modeling inaccuracies. In the subsequent power forecasting stage, the PMTC model accurately identifies specific CPU operating statues, which facilitate precise estimations of the CPU core temperature, thus circumventing the implementation challenges associated with additional measurements of temperature variables. To validate the efficacy of the proposed PMTC model against traditional server power consumption models, a dedicated server power consumption testbed was established. The results demonstrate that the PMTC model, by incorporating the temperature-related delayed dynamic characteristics of server power consumption change without augmenting the dimensions of input data, significantly reduces modeling calculation errors.
AB - To mitigate energy consumptions in data centers, the accurate establishment of a server power consumption model is imperative. Traditional server power consumption model, which rely solely on CPU utilization, often overlook the CPU temperature and operating statues inherent characteristics, resulting in substantial forecast errors. In response to this gap, a novel enhanced precision Power consumption Model based on Temperature estimation considering CPU working state (PMTC) model, is proposed based on the identification of CPU operating statuses. By incorporating temperature variables at the initial model construction phase, the PMTC model effectively captures the delayed dynamic characteristics of server power consumption changes that are influenced by the lagging adjustments in CPU core temperatures, thereby eliminating temperature-related modeling inaccuracies. In the subsequent power forecasting stage, the PMTC model accurately identifies specific CPU operating statues, which facilitate precise estimations of the CPU core temperature, thus circumventing the implementation challenges associated with additional measurements of temperature variables. To validate the efficacy of the proposed PMTC model against traditional server power consumption models, a dedicated server power consumption testbed was established. The results demonstrate that the PMTC model, by incorporating the temperature-related delayed dynamic characteristics of server power consumption change without augmenting the dimensions of input data, significantly reduces modeling calculation errors.
KW - Data center
KW - Model accuracy
KW - Server power consumption model
KW - Temperature estimation
KW - Thermoelectric coupling
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105005598720
U2 - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126097
DO - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126097
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105005598720
SN - 0306-2619
VL - 394
JO - Applied Energy
JF - Applied Energy
M1 - 126097
ER -