Enhanced mitigation of inhalable particles and fine particle-bound PAHs from a novel hazardous waste-power plant candidate

Emissions of the inhalable particle (d_p < 10 μm, PM₁₀) and their harmful compositions from combustion sources have high potential on health risk with nearly no regulation. This study investigates the particle size distribution (PSD), as well as the removal mechanism of PM₁₀ and fine particle (FP)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the flue gas of a hazardous waste thermal treatment system. It has ultralow regulated emission and becomes a candidate of power generation module. A series of the advanced scrubbers, cyclonic demister, and baghouse was equipped for multi-pollutant control. The moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion effectively inhibited the PM_2.5 generation by volumetric oxidation. Advanced scrubbers removed PM₁, PM_2.5, and PM₁₀ by 85.24, 68.68, and 97.60%, respectively, which achieved by local supersaturation, heterogeneous condensation of water vapor, and the growth of fine PM. Moreover, the scrubbers effectively scavenged the course PM₁₀ containing the high-molecular-weight PAH homologs onto the water phase but promoted the condensation and absorption of the lighter homologs onto the fine particle surface (d_p ∼5.3 μm). The size window (d_p = 0.3–1.0 μm) of the minimum efficiency reporting value of a BH filtration led to the peak of FP-PAH mass and BaP equivalent (BaP_eq) toxicity at d_p = 0.1–0.4 and 0.1–0.8 μm, respectively. Consequently, the synergy of MILD combustion and the SCB-CYC-BH system effectively inhibited the PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM_2.5-PAHs, and FP-PAH levels from a waste thermal treatment process and further mitigated the potential health risk.