Electromechanical Nanogenerators for Cell Modulation

Bioelectricity is an indispensable part of organisms and plays a vital role in cell modulation and tissue/organ development. The development of convenient and bio-safe electrical stimulation equipment to simulate endogenous bioelectricity for cell function modulation is of great significance for its clinical transformation. In this review, we introduce the advantages of an electromechanical nanogenerator (EMNG) as a source of electrical stimulation in the biomedical field and systematically overview recent advances in EMNGs for cell modulation, mainly including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Finally, we emphasize the significance of self-powered and biomimetic electrostimulation in cell modulation and discuss its challenges and future prospects in both basic research and clinical translation.