Different Strategies for Organic Nanoparticle Preparation in Biomedicine

Organic nanoparticles with intriguing features have attracted widespread attention for various biomedical applications, such as disease diagnosis, drug delivery, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to develop different strategies for constructing organic nanoparticles with distinct morphologies and properties. In this Review, we will briefly introduce the building blocks and driving forces employed for organic nanoparticle formation. The primary focus will be placed on summarizing different preparation strategies, including self-assembly, microemulsion, layer-by-layer assembly, particle replication in nonwetting templates, electrospraying, and microfluidics. Moreover, numerous surface modification approaches for organic nanoparticles will also be highlighted, followed by a strategic outlook for next-generation fabrication approaches. We believe that the above topics will appeal to researchers from different fields including chemical, materials, and biological sciences, as well as pharmaceutics.