Carbon nanotube network embroidered graphene films for monolithic all-carbon electronics

A unique cage growth of graphene is developed by using carbon nanotube (CNT) spider webs as porous templates, resulting in CNT/graphene hybrids with high conductivity and mechanical fl exibility. Furthermore, monolithic all-carbon transistors with graphene as active elements and CNT/graphene hybrids as contacts and interconnects are directly formed by chemical synthesis, and fl exible all-carbon bioelectronics are subsequently demonstrated for in vivo mapping of cardiac signals. (Chemical Equation Presented).