Brake-by-wire system for passenger cars: A review of structure, control, key technologies, and application in X-by-wire chassis

Electrification, networking and intelligence are the major development trends of the modern automobile industry for improving efficiency and safety and reducing emissions of the transport system. As an integral component of a wire-controlled chassis in passenger cars, brake-by-wire (BBW) system plays a key role in improving braking energy efficiency, safety, and ride comfort. This paper presents a systematic and complete review on BBW and its related technologies in passenger car applications. First, the architectures and working principles of major BBW systems are covered in details. Then, state-of-art control strategies for BBW systems are expounded. In particular, BBW-involved active safety control are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are discussed. The integrated design of BBW is a major development direction while other BBW systems except the Electro-Hydraulic System still need to solve some key technological challenges. Besides, efficient coordinated control of the X-by-wire chassis remains an open topic. In particular, the application of BBW in the X-by-wire chassis is a research hotspot.