Bio-inspired brick-and-mortar TiNi/Ti₂Ni composites: Microstructural evolution mechanisms and conditional generative prediction

Bio-inspired brick-and-mortar TiNi/Ti₂Ni composites were fabricated via vacuum sintering and hot rolling. Multiscale characterization revealed that deformation coordination was governed by dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of the brittle TiNi/Ti₂Ni phase and strain-induced precipitation of nanoscale Ni₄Ti₃ in the ductile TiNi matrix. Furthermore, a conditional Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) was developed to predict microstructural evolution. The model demonstrated high fidelity in capturing the complex nonlinear mapping between processing parameters and microstructural topology. This work establishes a novel framework combining physical metallurgy with generative AI for designing high-performance heterostructured materials.