An Enhanced Online Temperature Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries

This article presents an enhanced internal temperature-estimation method for lithium-ion batteries using a 1-D model and a dual Kalman filter (DKF). The cylindrical battery cell is modeled by a 1-D thermal model with three nodes. This model provides a more accurate representation of the temperature distribution, resulting in more detail of the temperature field. With the newly developed 1-D model, an enhanced temperature-estimation method is developed by including the internal resistance identification and SOC estimation in the temperature-estimation process. Experiments and simulations are conducted to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the temperature estimation. The estimated temperature using the 1-D model with random initial values is compared with the surface temperature from experiments, which shows excellent robustness against random initial values. High estimation accuracy is demonstrated by the comparison between the estimated temperature field and the simulated temperature field from a high-fidelity 3-D model. Experimental results show that the DKF method provides better stability than the single Kalman filter, and the accuracy of the internal temperature estimation is improved by the equivalent thermal conductivity identification that considers the anisotropy of thermal conductivity in different directions.