Aerial Insect and Bird Identification Method based on Spectrum Estimation of Weather Radar IQ data

The global decline in aerial migratory animals, such as birds and insects, due to climate and environmental changes significantly impacts the aerial ecological environment and human survival. Although weather radar data products can provide valuable information about the large-scale movement of airborne organisms, they cannot reflect the activity of multiple biological scatterers within a resolved volume. The aim of this study is to extract more detailed biological information from the Level I IQ data of weather radar. We introduce the estimation method of IQ data spectral moment, and propose the recognition method of biological scatterers by RD spectrum and resolution unit Doppler spectrum. Reflection factor products generated from IQ data retain more discrete biological information than base data products. Birdwatching experiments in Changsha further demonstrate the ability of the Doppler spectrum to reveal the activity of a variety of biological scatterers within a resolution volume.