Adaptive fault-Tolerant control for hypersonic vehicles with unknown control direction and actuator fault

In this paper, an adaptive fault-Tolerant control method is proposed for hypersonic vehicle systems with timevarying actuator faults and unknown control direction. The method considers time-varying faults and the unknown control direction condition. Considering the unknown control direction, the Nussbaum function technique is used, which overcomes the effect of unknown fault parameters. The backstepping method is used to design the controller for the system, and a first-order filter is used to avoid the 'differential explosion' phenomenon. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the stability of the system under the designed control scheme. Finally, numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy.