A Multisensor Fault Diagnosis Model With Adaptive Spatial–Temporal Dual-Scale Remodeling

Recently, multisensor fault diagnosis (MSFD) has become a research hotspot in the field of large machine maintenance. However, current research rarely explores in depth the spatial–temporal structural features unique to sensor signals. To address this gap, this article proposes the ARM-STDS, a novel MSFD model with adaptive spatial–temporal dual-scale remodeling. Sensor signals exhibit sparsity and periodicity in the temporal domain, which poses challenges for efficient processing by time-series models. To tackle this challenge, we have designed an adaptive subseries-level patches segmentation (ASPS) method that enhances the information capacity of short-time slices in the signals. This method effectively extracts local semantic information while reducing computational complexity quadratically. In addition, we introduce a directed graph structural modeling algorithm to better capture the dependencies between sensors. Utilizing directed graphs proves more effective in representing the coupling relationships between sensors compared to traditional undirected graphs. In comparison to other state-of-the-art MSFD models, ARM-STDS demonstrates the most effective diagnostic performance on four publicly available datasets. In the constant system, the average accuracy increased by 3%–5%. Notably, in the nonconstant system, ARM-STDS exhibited an accuracy improvement of over 5%.