TY - JOUR
T1 - A Memory Driven Self-learning Combat Agent Architecture in a 3D Virtual Environment
AU - Zhang, Tianci
AU - Wei, Yongyong
AU - Fang, Hao
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 River Publishers.
PY - 2025/8/26
Y1 - 2025/8/26
N2 - Agent behavior modeling in 3D virtual environments is a critical challenge in artificial intelligence and military simulation. While rule-based methods (e.g., finite state machines) are widely used, their limitations in adaptability and development efficiency hinder their application in dynamic combat scenarios. To address this, a memory-driven self-learning agent (MDSLA) architecture is proposed, integrating visual, auditory, and game features to simulate human-like battlefield decision-making. The architecture employs an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) framework to enhance training efficiency and incorporates a memory module for processing historical perception data. Experimental validation in the Vizdoom environment demonstrates that MDSLA outperforms traditional rule-based methods and mainstream reinforcement learning algorithms in convergence speed and combat effectiveness. Furthermore, a parallel simulation mechanism is implemented via high-speed middleware, enabling seamless deployment of the model on both Vizdoom and a high-precision simulation platform (HPSP). Results from HPSP experiments show a 33% reduction in task execution time and a 24.1% improvement in lethality compared to finite state machine-driven agents. This work provides a scalable framework for developing intelligent combat agents with enhanced adaptability and realism in 3D virtual environments.
AB - Agent behavior modeling in 3D virtual environments is a critical challenge in artificial intelligence and military simulation. While rule-based methods (e.g., finite state machines) are widely used, their limitations in adaptability and development efficiency hinder their application in dynamic combat scenarios. To address this, a memory-driven self-learning agent (MDSLA) architecture is proposed, integrating visual, auditory, and game features to simulate human-like battlefield decision-making. The architecture employs an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) framework to enhance training efficiency and incorporates a memory module for processing historical perception data. Experimental validation in the Vizdoom environment demonstrates that MDSLA outperforms traditional rule-based methods and mainstream reinforcement learning algorithms in convergence speed and combat effectiveness. Furthermore, a parallel simulation mechanism is implemented via high-speed middleware, enabling seamless deployment of the model on both Vizdoom and a high-precision simulation platform (HPSP). Results from HPSP experiments show a 33% reduction in task execution time and a 24.1% improvement in lethality compared to finite state machine-driven agents. This work provides a scalable framework for developing intelligent combat agents with enhanced adaptability and realism in 3D virtual environments.
KW - 3D virtual environment
KW - Agent modelling
KW - memory-driven architecture
KW - military simulation
KW - reinforcement learning
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105015355526
U2 - 10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2451
DO - 10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2451
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105015355526
SN - 1540-9589
VL - 24
SP - 687
EP - 712
JO - Journal of Web Engineering
JF - Journal of Web Engineering
IS - 5
ER -