A kernel stack protection model against attacks from kernel execution units

Many defensive approaches have been proposed to protect the integrity of the operating system kernel stack. However, some types of attacks, such as the “return-to-schedule” rootkit, pose a serious threat to these approaches. In this paper, we present a kernel stack protection model to protect the integrity of the kernel stack. It adopts a synchronous design strategy to bind the execution unit with its kernel stack using virtualization technology, and allows the execution unit to write its own current kernel stack with legal kernel codes. To test the model, we propose three kinds of potential attacks which extend the “return-to-schedule” rootkit. The experimental results show that the prototype of the model can be effective against all attack methods, and introduces a performance cost of only 2%. Therefore, it effectively protects all types of data on the kernel stack with a small performance overhead.