A Game-Theoretic Cooperative Optimization Strategy for Electro-Mechanical-Thermal Management in Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Heavy-duty series hybrid electric vehicles encounter inherent conflicts among energy efficiency, thermal management, and bus voltage stability under high-load conditions. The power allocation between the diesel generator and battery involves critical trade-offs: while optimal working point control is essential for fuel economy, the resulting thermal accumulation in active cooling system leads to significant parasitic losses. Additionally, transient high power demand induces destabilizing voltage fluctuations that jeopardize system reliability. To address this interconnected challenge, this study proposes a game-theoretic cooperative optimization control srategy. Firstly, the vehicle management control is reformulated as a multi-objective optimization problem that encompasses mobility, fuel efficiency, and component availability. To address this multi-objective equilibrium challenge, a game theory model is developed. Subsequently, to derive closed-loop control strategies within a constrained Nash equilibrium framework, a rolling game process is implemented. Finally, the proposed strategies coordinate engine-generator set, battery pack, cooling system, and traction motors to achieve multi-objective equilibrium. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can improve fuel economy while ensuring the availability and mobility of vehicle. Compared with the rule-based strategy, the fuel consumption is reduced by 12.05% under the test driving cycle.