1,3,5-Trifluorobenzene, an electrolyte additive with high thermal stability and superior film-forming properties for lithium-ion batteries

The introduction of 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene (F₃B) as an additive for lithium-ion battery electrolytes can produce a LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Meanwhile, F₃B has superior thermal stability compared with traditional fluorinated additives and is less likely to produce hydrogen fluoride to damage the cathode.