面 向 电 子 皮 肤 的 智 能 材 料构 建 策 略

Electronic skin is a novel type of flexible and wearable sensor that mimics human skin perception，exhibiting characteristics such as lightweight，softness，and flexibility. It has the capability to convert external stimuli into diverse output signals，showing substantial potential in health monitoring and human-computer interaction. This article provides a comprehensive review from the perspective of intelligent materials for constructing electronic skin，focusing on commonly used substrates，conductive fillers，and their geometric structures. It discusses the requirements for biocompatibility，adhesion，self-healing，and self-powering performance of electronic skin based on the complex environmental conditions it faces in applications. It points out that in the research process，there are still issues such as poor comprehensive perception of human skin，complex and expensive fabrication processes，and delayed response to sensory signals. By optimizing materials and structures to enhance the basic performance of electronic skin，the development trend is to build outstanding performance，multifunctionality，and simultaneous detection of various external stimuli. Electronic skin shows great potential in medical diagnosis，soft robotics，smart prosthetics，and human-machine interaction.