连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料 3D 打印：研究进展与挑战

Continuous fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFRCMCs) exhibit low density, high strength, excellent high-temperature stability and chemical stability, which are of significant application in various fields including aerospace, nuclear industry, chemical engineering, and transportation. In recent years, the evolution of 3D printing technology has provided an innovative approach for the shaping of complex and irregular CFRCMCs preforms. However, 3D printing of CFRCMCs remains in its infancy with significant challenges in forming equipment, processes, and principles. Hence, a summary and analysis of the research progress and challenges of the 3D printing of CFRCMCs are of significant value. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces 3D printing technologies; then, research progresses in 3D printing of CFRCMCs, including thermoplastic raw material-based fused deposition modeling 3D printing, aqueous slurry-based direct ink writing 3D printing, mechanically-assisted direct ink writing 3D printing, and photosensitive slurry-based vat photopolymerization 3D printing, are summarized; finally, the challenges in 3D printing of CFRCMCs are analyzed from fiber-ceramic interfaces, defect characterization and control, ceramization and densification, automation and intelligent manufacturing, structural and functional integration, 4D printing, self-healing, and standards. It is hoped that this review will provide some references and guidance for basic scientific and key technological research related to CFRCMCs 3D printing.