电动汽车充电站规划研究综述

The wide promotion and application of new-energy vehicles, especially electric ones, has resulted in huge charging demands. However, owing to the unreasonable planning of some charging stations, the spatial layout and service capacity of charging stations do not match the actual charging demands, and the coexistence of a low utilization rate of charging stations and inconvenient charging for users has become a significant problem in the electric vehicle industry. Reasonable location and deployment planning of charging stations is essential to optimize the usage and charging experience of electric vehicles, alleviate the "mileage anxiety" of users, improve the utilization rate of charging piles, and optimize the urban transportation and power grid network. This problem must also be solved in the field of intelligent transportation. To provide a more comprehensive overview of the problem, the development, types, and standards of charging stations are reviewed, and the charging demand estimation and prediction methods used on the "vehicle side" " and "station side" are described. Then, charging station planning methods are analyzed from the perspectives of siting, sizing, and solutions. Research results on multiobjective, multiconstraint, and multiperiod covering models and flow-based models, as well as their application to simulation networks and actual city environments, are listed. Finally, existing problems in current research, including the accuracy of charging demand estimation and the match of charging stations to demands, are summarized. The coordinated planning for orderly charging guidance, new energy consumption, and "cut peak and fill valley" of the grid to make full use of the characteristics of distributed energy storage and flexible charging and discharging of electric vehicles in the era of vehicle-pile-road-grid interconnection is also discussed.