废锂离子电池正极材料中锂元素选择性回收的研究进展

With the vigorous development of the energy vehicle market, lithium-ion battery, as the key component of the new energy vehicles, has been facing the risk with insufficient supply of critical metal resources especially lithium resource. Recycling secondary lithium resources contained in waste lithium-ion batteries will become an indispensable way to solve the problem of unbalanced supply and demand of lithium resources and promote the sustainable development of the industry. Therefore, selective extraction of lithium by step or priority, which could promote efficient extraction of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries, has attracted much attention of researchers. This review introduces four current mainstream methods of selective extraction including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, mechanochemical method and electrochemical method. And based on explaining their basic reaction mechanism, the results of the latest researches are summarized separately and the advantages and disadvantages of each extraction method are deeply analyzed from the several quantitative indexes such as energy consumption, material consumption, recovery ratio, selectivity and environmental impact. Finally, the development trend and prospect of the recovery of valuable metals in spent lithium-ion batteries are put forward, aiming at providing references for the development of cleaner and more efficient recycling process in the future.