Whispering-gallery mode-based optical biosensing: A review on development and applications in ultrasensitive biological detection and bioimaging

Ruiqi Ming, Jiyang Ma, Ruoyu Zhang*, Lili Huang*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

Abstract

Biological detection and bioimaging based on specific optical signal changes have succeeded in recent decades. Likewise, a plethora of strategies have emerged to enhance detection sensitivity. Notably, whispering gallery mode (WGM)-based optical biosensing has attracted significant attention due to its high sensitivity and label-free nature. In this review, we present the characterization parameters of WGM resonators in detail and elucidate their relationship with ultrasensitive biological detection and bioimaging. Then, we present emerging design principles and functionalization strategies of WGM resonators. Finally, we thoroughly describe the recent advances of WGM-based optical biosensing technology in different biosensing applications. Thus, we aim to offer fresh insights and stimulate interest among researchers from various domains toward developing and utilizing WGM resonators for biosensing purposes.

Original languageEnglish
Article number344249
JournalAnalytica Chimica Acta
Volume1364
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 Aug 2025
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Biological detection
  • Biological imaging
  • High sensitivity
  • Optical biosensing
  • Whispering gallery mode

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