Titanium Incorporation into Zr-Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens

This study uses metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) alone without any added antibacterial ingredients as the nonantibiotic agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of chronic wounds infected by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nanoparticles (NPs) of MOFs (PCN-224) are incorporated with titanium through a facile cation exchange strategy. The obtained bimetallic PCN-224(Zr/Ti) shows greatly enhanced photocatalytic performance for the generation of reactive oxygen species under visible light, which is responsible for the effective antibacterial activities. The PCN-224(Zr/Ti) NPs are loaded onto lactic-co-glycolic acid nanofibers to prepare a wound dressing, which shows high biocompatibility and minimal cytotoxicity. The wound dressing is efficient for PDT-based in vivo healing of the chronic wound infected by MDR bacteria. Most importantly, this work does not involve any additional antibacterial agents, which is facile, low cost, and in particular, greatly explores the potential of MOFs as a powerful nonantibiotic agent in PDT.