Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Early Embryos Based on Controllable Acoustofluidic Rotation

High-precision three-dimensional imaging of live embryos is hindered by photobleaching, invasive labels, and the mechanical constraints of conventional rotation methods. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a fully integrated, noncontact acoustofluidic platform for controllable multi-axis embryo rotation and reconstruction. A piezoelectric transducer drives microbubble resonance at the tip of a glass microtube, generating programmable vortical flows that gently and stably spin embryos along both vertical and horizontal axes. We use a deep learning method (Mask R-CNN) to automatically delineate key embryonic structures in real-time. Rotation angles are then estimated via the tracker on surface feature points, and a multiview tomographic algorithm reconstructs the full 3D embryo contour without fluorescent markers. In mouse embryo reconstruction, our system achieves ∼ 3 μ m reconstruction accuracy and reduces imaging time by over 40% compared to manual methods. This acoustofluidic approach opens new avenues for noninvasive, high-throughput embryonic morphokinetic analysis and quality assessment in assisted reproduction and biology.