The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline

Marina Romanello; Maria Walawender; Shih Che Hsu; Annalyse Moskeland; Yasna Palmeiro-Silva; Daniel Scamman; James W. Smallcombe; Sabah Abdullah; Melanie Ades; Abdullah Al-Maruf; Nadia Ameli; Denitsa Angelova; Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson; Joan Ballester; Xavier Basagaña; Hannah Bechara; Paul J. Beggs; Wenjia Cai; Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum; Gina E.C. Charnley; Orin Courtenay; Troy J. Cross; Carole Dalin; Niheer Dasandi; Shouro Dasgupta; Michael Davies; Matthew Eckelman; Chris Freyberg; Paulina Garcia Corral; Olga Gasparyan; Joseph Giguere; Georgiana Gordon-Strachan; Sophie Gumy; Samuel H. Gunther; Ian Hamilton; Yun Hang; Risto Hänninen; Stella Hartinger; Kehan He; Julian Heidecke; Jeremy J. Hess; Slava Jankin; Ollie Jay; Dafni Kalatzi Pantera; Ilan Kelman; Harry Kennard; Gregor Kiesewetter; Patrick Kinney; Dominic Kniveton; Vally Koubi; Rostislav Kouznetsov; Pete Lampard; Jason K.W. Lee; Bruno Lemke; Bo Li; Andrew Linke; Yang Liu; Zhao Liu; Rachel Lowe; Siqi Ma; Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi; Carla Maia; Anil Markandya; Greta Martin; Jaime Martinez-Urtaza; Mark Maslin; Lucy McAllister; Celia McMichael; Zhifu Mi; James Milner; Kelton Minor; Jan Minx; Nahid Mohajeri; Natalie C. Momen; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Karyn Morrisey; Simon Munzert; Kris A. Murray; Nick Obradovich; Papa Orgen; Matthias Otto; Fereidoon Owfi; Olivia L. Pearman; Frank Pega; Andrew J. Pershing; Ana Catarina Pinho-Gomes; Jamie Ponmattam; Mahnaz Rabbaniha; Tim Repke; Jorge Roa; Elizabeth Robinson; Joacim Rocklöv; David Rojas-Rueda; Jorge Ruiz-Cabrejos; Matilde Rusticucci; Renee N. Salas; Adrià San José Plana; Jan C. Semenza; Jodi D. Sherman; Joy Shumake-Guillemot; Pratik Singh; Henrik Sjödin; Matthew R. Smith; Mikhail Sofiev; Cecilia Sorensen; Marco Springmann; Jennifer D. Stowell; Meisam Tabatabaei; Federico Tartarini; Jonathon Taylor; Cathryn Tonne; Marina Treskova; Joaquin A. Trinanes; Andreas Uppstu; Nicolas Valdes-Ortega; Fabian Wagner; Nick Watts; Hannah Whitcombe; Richard Wood; Pu Yang; Ying Zhang; Shaohui Zhang; Chi Zhang; Shihui Zhang; Qiao Zhu; Peng Gong; Hugh Montgomery; Anthony Costello

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline

Marina Romanello^*
, Maria Walawender
, Shih Che Hsu
, Annalyse Moskeland
, Yasna Palmeiro-Silva
, Daniel Scamman
, James W. Smallcombe
, Sabah Abdullah
, Melanie Ades
, Abdullah Al-Maruf
, Nadia Ameli
, Denitsa Angelova
, Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
, Joan Ballester
, Xavier Basagaña
, Hannah Bechara
, Paul J. Beggs
, Wenjia Cai
, Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
, Gina E.C. Charnley

Orin Courtenay, Troy J. Cross, Carole Dalin, Niheer Dasandi, Shouro Dasgupta, Michael Davies, Matthew Eckelman, Chris Freyberg, Paulina Garcia Corral, Olga Gasparyan, Joseph Giguere, Georgiana Gordon-Strachan, Sophie Gumy, Samuel H. Gunther, Ian Hamilton, Yun Hang, Risto Hänninen, Stella Hartinger, Kehan He, Julian Heidecke, Jeremy J. Hess, Slava Jankin, Ollie Jay, Dafni Kalatzi Pantera, Ilan Kelman, Harry Kennard, Gregor Kiesewetter, Patrick Kinney, Dominic Kniveton, Vally Koubi, Rostislav Kouznetsov, Pete Lampard, Jason K.W. Lee, Bruno Lemke, Bo Li, Andrew Linke, Yang Liu, Zhao Liu, Rachel Lowe, Siqi Ma, Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi, Carla Maia, Anil Markandya, Greta Martin, Jaime Martinez-Urtaza, Mark Maslin, Lucy McAllister, Celia McMichael, Zhifu Mi, James Milner, Kelton Minor, Jan Minx, Nahid Mohajeri, Natalie C. Momen, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Karyn Morrisey, Simon Munzert, Kris A. Murray, Nick Obradovich, Papa Orgen, Matthias Otto, Fereidoon Owfi, Olivia L. Pearman, Frank Pega, Andrew J. Pershing, Ana Catarina Pinho-Gomes, Jamie Ponmattam, Mahnaz Rabbaniha, Tim Repke, Jorge Roa, Elizabeth Robinson, Joacim Rocklöv, David Rojas-Rueda, Jorge Ruiz-Cabrejos, Matilde Rusticucci, Renee N. Salas, Adrià San José Plana, Jan C. Semenza, Jodi D. Sherman, Joy Shumake-Guillemot, Pratik Singh, Henrik Sjödin, Matthew R. Smith, Mikhail Sofiev, Cecilia Sorensen, Marco Springmann, Jennifer D. Stowell, Meisam Tabatabaei, Federico Tartarini, Jonathon Taylor, Cathryn Tonne, Marina Treskova, Joaquin A. Trinanes, Andreas Uppstu, Nicolas Valdes-Ortega, Fabian Wagner, Nick Watts, Hannah Whitcombe, Richard Wood, Pu Yang, Ying Zhang, Shaohui Zhang, Chi Zhang, Shihui Zhang, Qiao Zhu, Peng Gong, Hugh Montgomery, Anthony Costello

^*Corresponding author for this work

University College London
The London School of Economics and Political Science
The University of Sydney
Asian Development Bank Philippines
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
Rajshahi University
University of Vienna
Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Hertie School of Governance
Macquarie University
Tsinghua University
World Health Organization
Barcelona Supercomputing Center
University of Warwick
University of Birmingham
Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change
Northeastern University
Ruby Coast Research Group
Florida State University
Climate Central
The University of the West Indies
National University of Singapore
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
The University of Hong Kong
Heidelberg University
University of Washington
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg
Boston University
University of Sussex
ETH Zürich
University of York
Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology–Te Pukenga
Beijing Institute of Technology
University of Utah
Emory University
Beijing Institute of Economics and Management
ICREA
George Mason University
University of Pretoria
NOVA University Lisbon
BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change
George Washington University
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Denison University
University of Melbourne
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Columbia University
Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change
Iran University of Medical Sciences
University of Galway
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Animal Science Research Institute, Iran
University of Colorado Boulder
Harvard University
Stanford University
Colorado State University
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Umeå University
Yale University
University of Oxford
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Tampere University
University of Santiago de Compostela
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
University of Newcastle
Renmin University of China

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

124 Citations (Scopus)

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2804-2857
Number of pages	54
Journal	The Lancet
Volume	406
Issue number	10521
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1
Publication status	Published - 13 Dec 2025
Externally published	Yes

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10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

Cite this

Romanello, M., Walawender, M., Hsu, S. C., Moskeland, A., Palmeiro-Silva, Y., Scamman, D., Smallcombe, J. W., Abdullah, S., Ades, M., Al-Maruf, A., Ameli, N., Angelova, D., Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Ballester, J., Basagaña, X., Bechara, H., Beggs, P. J., Cai, W., Campbell-Lendrum, D., ... Costello, A. (2025). The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline. The Lancet, 406(10521), 2804-2857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

@article{e805bfcbfa5d4e0ca775bdae7fbb58f1,

title = "The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline",

author = "Marina Romanello and Maria Walawender and Hsu, \{Shih Che\} and Annalyse Moskeland and Yasna Palmeiro-Silva and Daniel Scamman and Smallcombe, \{James W.\} and Sabah Abdullah and Melanie Ades and Abdullah Al-Maruf and Nadia Ameli and Denitsa Angelova and Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson and Joan Ballester and Xavier Basaga{\~n}a and Hannah Bechara and Beggs, \{Paul J.\} and Wenjia Cai and Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum and Charnley, \{Gina E.C.\} and Orin Courtenay and Cross, \{Troy J.\} and Carole Dalin and Niheer Dasandi and Shouro Dasgupta and Michael Davies and Matthew Eckelman and Chris Freyberg and Corral, \{Paulina Garcia\} and Olga Gasparyan and Joseph Giguere and Georgiana Gordon-Strachan and Sophie Gumy and Gunther, \{Samuel H.\} and Ian Hamilton and Yun Hang and Risto H{\"a}nninen and Stella Hartinger and Kehan He and Julian Heidecke and Hess, \{Jeremy J.\} and Slava Jankin and Ollie Jay and Pantera, \{Dafni Kalatzi\} and Ilan Kelman and Harry Kennard and Gregor Kiesewetter and Patrick Kinney and Dominic Kniveton and Vally Koubi and Rostislav Kouznetsov and Pete Lampard and Lee, \{Jason K.W.\} and Bruno Lemke and Bo Li and Andrew Linke and Yang Liu and Zhao Liu and Rachel Lowe and Siqi Ma and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi and Carla Maia and Anil Markandya and Greta Martin and Jaime Martinez-Urtaza and Mark Maslin and Lucy McAllister and Celia McMichael and Zhifu Mi and James Milner and Kelton Minor and Jan Minx and Nahid Mohajeri and Momen, \{Natalie C.\} and Maziar Moradi-Lakeh and Karyn Morrisey and Simon Munzert and Murray, \{Kris A.\} and Nick Obradovich and Papa Orgen and Matthias Otto and Fereidoon Owfi and Pearman, \{Olivia L.\} and Frank Pega and Pershing, \{Andrew J.\} and Pinho-Gomes, \{Ana Catarina\} and Jamie Ponmattam and Mahnaz Rabbaniha and Tim Repke and Jorge Roa and Elizabeth Robinson and Joacim Rockl{\"o}v and David Rojas-Rueda and Jorge Ruiz-Cabrejos and Matilde Rusticucci and Salas, \{Renee N.\} and Plana, \{Adri{\`a} San Jos{\'e}\} and Semenza, \{Jan C.\} and Sherman, \{Jodi D.\} and Joy Shumake-Guillemot and Pratik Singh and Henrik Sj{\"o}din and Smith, \{Matthew R.\} and Mikhail Sofiev and Cecilia Sorensen and Marco Springmann and Stowell, \{Jennifer D.\} and Meisam Tabatabaei and Federico Tartarini and Jonathon Taylor and Cathryn Tonne and Marina Treskova and Trinanes, \{Joaquin A.\} and Andreas Uppstu and Nicolas Valdes-Ortega and Fabian Wagner and Nick Watts and Hannah Whitcombe and Richard Wood and Pu Yang and Ying Zhang and Shaohui Zhang and Chi Zhang and Shihui Zhang and Qiao Zhu and Peng Gong and Hugh Montgomery and Anthony Costello",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

day = "13",

doi = "10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1",

language = "English",

volume = "406",

pages = "2804--2857",

journal = "The Lancet",

issn = "0140-6736",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "10521",

}

Romanello, M, Walawender, M, Hsu, SC, Moskeland, A, Palmeiro-Silva, Y, Scamman, D, Smallcombe, JW, Abdullah, S, Ades, M, Al-Maruf, A, Ameli, N, Angelova, D, Ayeb-Karlsson, S, Ballester, J, Basagaña, X, Bechara, H, Beggs, PJ, Cai, W, Campbell-Lendrum, D, Charnley, GEC, Courtenay, O, Cross, TJ, Dalin, C, Dasandi, N, Dasgupta, S, Davies, M, Eckelman, M, Freyberg, C, Corral, PG, Gasparyan, O, Giguere, J, Gordon-Strachan, G, Gumy, S, Gunther, SH, Hamilton, I, Hang, Y, Hänninen, R, Hartinger, S, He, K, Heidecke, J, Hess, JJ, Jankin, S, Jay, O, Pantera, DK, Kelman, I, Kennard, H, Kiesewetter, G, Kinney, P, Kniveton, D, Koubi, V, Kouznetsov, R, Lampard, P, Lee, JKW, Lemke, B, Li, B, Linke, A, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Lowe, R, Ma, S, Mabhaudhi, T, Maia, C, Markandya, A, Martin, G, Martinez-Urtaza, J, Maslin, M, McAllister, L, McMichael, C, Mi, Z, Milner, J, Minor, K, Minx, J, Mohajeri, N, Momen, NC, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morrisey, K, Munzert, S, Murray, KA, Obradovich, N, Orgen, P, Otto, M, Owfi, F, Pearman, OL, Pega, F, Pershing, AJ, Pinho-Gomes, AC, Ponmattam, J, Rabbaniha, M, Repke, T, Roa, J, Robinson, E, Rocklöv, J, Rojas-Rueda, D, Ruiz-Cabrejos, J, Rusticucci, M, Salas, RN, Plana, ASJ, Semenza, JC, Sherman, JD, Shumake-Guillemot, J, Singh, P, Sjödin, H, Smith, MR, Sofiev, M, Sorensen, C, Springmann, M, Stowell, JD, Tabatabaei, M, Tartarini, F, Taylor, J, Tonne, C, Treskova, M, Trinanes, JA, Uppstu, A, Valdes-Ortega, N, Wagner, F, Watts, N, Whitcombe, H, Wood, R, Yang, P, Zhang, Y, Zhang, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, S, Zhu, Q, Gong, P, Montgomery, H & Costello, A 2025, 'The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline', The Lancet, vol. 406, no. 10521, pp. 2804-2857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

TY - JOUR

T1 - The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change

T2 - climate change action offers a lifeline

AU - Romanello, Marina

AU - Walawender, Maria

AU - Hsu, Shih Che

AU - Moskeland, Annalyse

AU - Palmeiro-Silva, Yasna

AU - Scamman, Daniel

AU - Smallcombe, James W.

AU - Abdullah, Sabah

AU - Ades, Melanie

AU - Al-Maruf, Abdullah

AU - Ameli, Nadia

AU - Angelova, Denitsa

AU - Ayeb-Karlsson, Sonja

AU - Ballester, Joan

AU - Basagaña, Xavier

AU - Bechara, Hannah

AU - Beggs, Paul J.

AU - Cai, Wenjia

AU - Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid

AU - Charnley, Gina E.C.

AU - Courtenay, Orin

AU - Cross, Troy J.

AU - Dalin, Carole

AU - Dasandi, Niheer

AU - Dasgupta, Shouro

AU - Davies, Michael

AU - Eckelman, Matthew

AU - Freyberg, Chris

AU - Corral, Paulina Garcia

AU - Gasparyan, Olga

AU - Giguere, Joseph

AU - Gordon-Strachan, Georgiana

AU - Gumy, Sophie

AU - Gunther, Samuel H.

AU - Hamilton, Ian

AU - Hang, Yun

AU - Hänninen, Risto

AU - Hartinger, Stella

AU - He, Kehan

AU - Heidecke, Julian

AU - Hess, Jeremy J.

AU - Jankin, Slava

AU - Jay, Ollie

AU - Pantera, Dafni Kalatzi

AU - Kelman, Ilan

AU - Kennard, Harry

AU - Kiesewetter, Gregor

AU - Kinney, Patrick

AU - Kniveton, Dominic

AU - Koubi, Vally

AU - Kouznetsov, Rostislav

AU - Lampard, Pete

AU - Lee, Jason K.W.

AU - Lemke, Bruno

AU - Li, Bo

AU - Linke, Andrew

AU - Liu, Yang

AU - Liu, Zhao

AU - Lowe, Rachel

AU - Ma, Siqi

AU - Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe

AU - Maia, Carla

AU - Markandya, Anil

AU - Martin, Greta

AU - Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime

AU - Maslin, Mark

AU - McAllister, Lucy

AU - McMichael, Celia

AU - Mi, Zhifu

AU - Milner, James

AU - Minor, Kelton

AU - Minx, Jan

AU - Mohajeri, Nahid

AU - Momen, Natalie C.

AU - Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar

AU - Morrisey, Karyn

AU - Munzert, Simon

AU - Murray, Kris A.

AU - Obradovich, Nick

AU - Orgen, Papa

AU - Otto, Matthias

AU - Owfi, Fereidoon

AU - Pearman, Olivia L.

AU - Pega, Frank

AU - Pershing, Andrew J.

AU - Pinho-Gomes, Ana Catarina

AU - Ponmattam, Jamie

AU - Rabbaniha, Mahnaz

AU - Repke, Tim

AU - Roa, Jorge

AU - Robinson, Elizabeth

AU - Rocklöv, Joacim

AU - Rojas-Rueda, David

AU - Ruiz-Cabrejos, Jorge

AU - Rusticucci, Matilde

AU - Salas, Renee N.

AU - Plana, Adrià San José

AU - Semenza, Jan C.

AU - Sherman, Jodi D.

AU - Shumake-Guillemot, Joy

AU - Singh, Pratik

AU - Sjödin, Henrik

AU - Smith, Matthew R.

AU - Sofiev, Mikhail

AU - Sorensen, Cecilia

AU - Springmann, Marco

AU - Stowell, Jennifer D.

AU - Tabatabaei, Meisam

AU - Tartarini, Federico

AU - Taylor, Jonathon

AU - Tonne, Cathryn

AU - Treskova, Marina

AU - Trinanes, Joaquin A.

AU - Uppstu, Andreas

AU - Valdes-Ortega, Nicolas

AU - Wagner, Fabian

AU - Watts, Nick

AU - Whitcombe, Hannah

AU - Wood, Richard

AU - Yang, Pu

AU - Zhang, Ying

AU - Zhang, Shaohui

AU - Zhang, Chi

AU - Zhang, Shihui

AU - Zhu, Qiao

AU - Gong, Peng

AU - Montgomery, Hugh

AU - Costello, Anthony

PY - 2025/12/13

Y1 - 2025/12/13

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105024310487

U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01919-1

M3 - Article

C2 - 41175887

AN - SCOPUS:105024310487

SN - 0140-6736

VL - 406

SP - 2804

EP - 2857

JO - The Lancet

JF - The Lancet

IS - 10521

ER -

The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: climate change action offers a lifeline

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