Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC

Nan Yang; Chen Hao; Shanke Mou; Kai Xia; Xuanwen Zhu

doi:10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC

Nan Yang
, Chen Hao
, Shanke Mou
, Kai Xia
, Xuanwen Zhu^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

State Grid Corporation of China
East China Electric Power Design Institute

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents a stability enhancement approach for grid-connected inverters under high renewable penetration. A frequency-adaptive Kalman-filtered phase-locked loop (FA-KF PLL) mitigates harmonic contamination and frequency fluctuations, reshaping inverter-grid impedance. A hysteresis-scored model predictive control (HS-MPC) introduces multi-objective scoring to balance current tracking, harmonic distortion, and switching effort. Stability is assessed via LCL modeling, sequence-impedance Nyquist criteria, and pole analysis. MATLAB/Simulink studies across weak-grid scenarios show reduced THD and settling time, improved phase/gain margins, and fewer switching actions.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages	16-20
Number of pages	5
ISBN (Electronic)	9798331565619
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818
Publication status	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes
Event	2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025 - Wenzhou, China Duration: 21 Nov 2025 → 23 Nov 2025

Publication series

Name	2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025

Conference

Conference	2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025
Country/Territory	China
City	Wenzhou
Period	21/11/25 → 23/11/25

Keywords

Kalman filter
grid-connected inverter
high renewable penetration
model predictive control
phase-locked loop
stability
weak grid

Access to Document

10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

Cite this

Yang, N., Hao, C., Mou, S., Xia, K., & Zhu, X. (2025). Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC. In 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025 (pp. 16-20). (2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

Yang, Nan ; Hao, Chen ; Mou, Shanke et al. / Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC. 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. pp. 16-20 (2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025).

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title = "Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC",

abstract = "This paper presents a stability enhancement approach for grid-connected inverters under high renewable penetration. A frequency-adaptive Kalman-filtered phase-locked loop (FA-KF PLL) mitigates harmonic contamination and frequency fluctuations, reshaping inverter-grid impedance. A hysteresis-scored model predictive control (HS-MPC) introduces multi-objective scoring to balance current tracking, harmonic distortion, and switching effort. Stability is assessed via LCL modeling, sequence-impedance Nyquist criteria, and pole analysis. MATLAB/Simulink studies across weak-grid scenarios show reduced THD and settling time, improved phase/gain margins, and fewer switching actions.",

keywords = "Kalman filter, grid-connected inverter, high renewable penetration, model predictive control, phase-locked loop, stability, weak grid",

author = "Nan Yang and Chen Hao and Shanke Mou and Kai Xia and Xuanwen Zhu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 IEEE.; 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025 ; Conference date: 21-11-2025 Through 23-11-2025",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818",

language = "English",

series = "2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

pages = "16--20",

booktitle = "2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025",

address = "United States",

}

Yang, N, Hao, C, Mou, S, Xia, K & Zhu, X 2025, Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC. in 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025. 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 16-20, 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025, Wenzhou, China, 21/11/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC. / Yang, Nan; Hao, Chen; Mou, Shanke et al.
2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025. p. 16-20 (2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC

AU - Yang, Nan

AU - Hao, Chen

AU - Mou, Shanke

AU - Xia, Kai

AU - Zhu, Xuanwen

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - This paper presents a stability enhancement approach for grid-connected inverters under high renewable penetration. A frequency-adaptive Kalman-filtered phase-locked loop (FA-KF PLL) mitigates harmonic contamination and frequency fluctuations, reshaping inverter-grid impedance. A hysteresis-scored model predictive control (HS-MPC) introduces multi-objective scoring to balance current tracking, harmonic distortion, and switching effort. Stability is assessed via LCL modeling, sequence-impedance Nyquist criteria, and pole analysis. MATLAB/Simulink studies across weak-grid scenarios show reduced THD and settling time, improved phase/gain margins, and fewer switching actions.

AB - This paper presents a stability enhancement approach for grid-connected inverters under high renewable penetration. A frequency-adaptive Kalman-filtered phase-locked loop (FA-KF PLL) mitigates harmonic contamination and frequency fluctuations, reshaping inverter-grid impedance. A hysteresis-scored model predictive control (HS-MPC) introduces multi-objective scoring to balance current tracking, harmonic distortion, and switching effort. Stability is assessed via LCL modeling, sequence-impedance Nyquist criteria, and pole analysis. MATLAB/Simulink studies across weak-grid scenarios show reduced THD and settling time, improved phase/gain margins, and fewer switching actions.

KW - Kalman filter

KW - grid-connected inverter

KW - high renewable penetration

KW - model predictive control

KW - phase-locked loop

KW - stability

KW - weak grid

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105036682587

U2 - 10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

DO - 10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

M3 - Conference contribution

AN - SCOPUS:105036682587

T3 - 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025

SP - 16

EP - 20

BT - 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025

PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

T2 - 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025

Y2 - 21 November 2025 through 23 November 2025

ER -

Yang N, Hao C, Mou S, Xia K, Zhu X. Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC. In 2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 2025. p. 16-20. (2025 International Conference on Energy Power and Electrical Technology, CEPET 2025). doi: 10.1109/CEPET67280.2025.11390818

Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Inverters under High Renewable Penetration via FA-KF PLL and Hysteresis-Scored MPC

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Keywords

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