Spacecraft Maneuver Reachable Domain Solving and Threat Region Assessment Method Under J2 Perturbation

This paper proposes a threat assessment framework for non-cooperative spacecraft under J_2-perturbed conditions, based on orbital maneuverability and reachable domain theory. By comparing and analyzing the distribution characteristics of the reachable domain under the two-body model and the J_2-perturbation model, it is found that the J₂ perturbations has a significant effect on the spatial distribution of the reachable domain. On this basis, this paper further investigates the spatial rendezvous characteristics of the reachable domains of non-cooperative targets and the orbits of targets under the dynamics model with J₂ perturbations, which enables the assessment of the spatial threat region of orbital rendezvous. In order to more comprehensively assess the potential collision threat of space rendezvous under J₂ perturbations conditions in the medium and long term, this paper constructs a comprehensive assessment index system that includes Effective Coverage Rate, Distribution Concentration, and Distribution Skewness. The simulation results confirm the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method, which has the potential to provide quantitative support for space situational awareness and orbit protection decision-making.