Space-Time Coding Graphene Metasurface for Terahertz Multi-Beam Manipulation and Polarization Control

So far, even under reconfigurable conditions, most metasurfaces still offer limited polarization control, with the majority of research focused on the microwave frequency range. In this paper, a space-time coding metasurface based on graphene for multi-beam and polarization manipulation in the terahertz band has been proposed. Here, periodic space-time modulation signals are independently applied to the tunable component of the proposed spatiotemporal coding metasurface, which is graphene. It becomes feasible to achieve arbitrary combinations of orthogonal polarization reflection properties with freely adjustable amplitude and phase responses. This enables dynamic control over different polarization channels and scattering patterns in the terahertz band.