Solid-acid-Lewis-base interaction accelerates lithium ion transport for uniform lithium deposition

Lithium metal batteries, with their light mass anode and high theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mAh/g, have great potential for development in achieving high energy density. However, the generation of lithium dendrites and the loss of dead lithium pose a serious threat to the safety and long-cycle stability of batteries. Herein, we utilize the Lewis acid-base interaction principle for lithium-ion migration regulation. Through loading solid-acids onto molecular sieves to immobilize Lewis base (PF₆⁻), we achieve accelerated dissociation of lithium salts and successfully increase the lithium ion transference number to 0.44. Lewis acid-base interaction helps lithium metal batteries achieve more uniform lithium deposition, with an average CE improved to 92.8 %. The symmetrical cells can be plated/stripped stably for more than 800 h of cycling. Full cell with high surface-loaded LFP cathode (14 mg/cm²) exhibits impressively high capacity retention of 90.7 % after 120 cycles at 0.5 C.