Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism

Weiran Li; Xiaoyi Wang; Yan Wang; Na Yan; Guo Min Yang; Ya Qiu Jin

doi:10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617

Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism

Weiran Li, Xiaoyi Wang, Yan Wang, Na Yan, Guo Min Yang^*, Ya Qiu Jin

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

In this article, a single-beam-scanning metasurface with dual circular polarization (CP) using hybrid coding mechanism is presented, which can steer the scattered wave in a large range of angles under the planar incident wave. In order to suppress the grating lobes generated by periodic 1-bit phase quantization errors, elaborately designed 2-D fixed phase delays (FPDs) are introduced. The 1-bit active coding is designed based on the current reversal method, which realizes two states with 180^◦ phase difference over the frequency range of 8.5–11 GHz by switching two p-i-n diodes for both left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP) incidence. The passive coding is realized by rotating the metasurface unit cell based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase principle to introduce the 2-D FPD. The proposed design mechanism is theoretically analyzed, full-wave simulated, and demonstrated by experiment. An 8 × 8 metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that steered beams from −30^◦ to +30^◦ without grating lobes in both xoz and yoz planes can be obtained around 9.5 GHz. The sidelobe level (SLL) can be minimized to −8.87

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1608-1617
Number of pages	10
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
Volume	73
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617
Publication status	Published - 2025
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Active coding
fixed phase delay (FPD)
passive coding
reconfigurable metasurface
single-beam scanning

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10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617

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@article{b0e35f6d84a744398b5ff095c0c8c2ac,

title = "Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism",

abstract = "In this article, a single-beam-scanning metasurface with dual circular polarization (CP) using hybrid coding mechanism is presented, which can steer the scattered wave in a large range of angles under the planar incident wave. In order to suppress the grating lobes generated by periodic 1-bit phase quantization errors, elaborately designed 2-D fixed phase delays (FPDs) are introduced. The 1-bit active coding is designed based on the current reversal method, which realizes two states with 180◦ phase difference over the frequency range of 8.5–11 GHz by switching two p-i-n diodes for both left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP) incidence. The passive coding is realized by rotating the metasurface unit cell based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase principle to introduce the 2-D FPD. The proposed design mechanism is theoretically analyzed, full-wave simulated, and demonstrated by experiment. An 8 × 8 metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that steered beams from −30◦ to +30◦ without grating lobes in both xoz and yoz planes can be obtained around 9.5 GHz. The sidelobe level (SLL) can be minimized to −8.87",

keywords = "Active coding, fixed phase delay (FPD), passive coding, reconfigurable metasurface, single-beam scanning",

author = "Weiran Li and Xiaoyi Wang and Yan Wang and Na Yan and Yang, {Guo Min} and Jin, {Ya Qiu}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 1963-2012 IEEE.",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617",

language = "English",

volume = "73",

pages = "1608--1617",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation",

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publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

number = "3",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism

AU - Li, Weiran

AU - Wang, Xiaoyi

AU - Wang, Yan

AU - Yan, Na

AU - Yang, Guo Min

AU - Jin, Ya Qiu

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - In this article, a single-beam-scanning metasurface with dual circular polarization (CP) using hybrid coding mechanism is presented, which can steer the scattered wave in a large range of angles under the planar incident wave. In order to suppress the grating lobes generated by periodic 1-bit phase quantization errors, elaborately designed 2-D fixed phase delays (FPDs) are introduced. The 1-bit active coding is designed based on the current reversal method, which realizes two states with 180◦ phase difference over the frequency range of 8.5–11 GHz by switching two p-i-n diodes for both left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP) incidence. The passive coding is realized by rotating the metasurface unit cell based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase principle to introduce the 2-D FPD. The proposed design mechanism is theoretically analyzed, full-wave simulated, and demonstrated by experiment. An 8 × 8 metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that steered beams from −30◦ to +30◦ without grating lobes in both xoz and yoz planes can be obtained around 9.5 GHz. The sidelobe level (SLL) can be minimized to −8.87

AB - In this article, a single-beam-scanning metasurface with dual circular polarization (CP) using hybrid coding mechanism is presented, which can steer the scattered wave in a large range of angles under the planar incident wave. In order to suppress the grating lobes generated by periodic 1-bit phase quantization errors, elaborately designed 2-D fixed phase delays (FPDs) are introduced. The 1-bit active coding is designed based on the current reversal method, which realizes two states with 180◦ phase difference over the frequency range of 8.5–11 GHz by switching two p-i-n diodes for both left-handed CP (LHCP) and right-handed CP (RHCP) incidence. The passive coding is realized by rotating the metasurface unit cell based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (P–B) phase principle to introduce the 2-D FPD. The proposed design mechanism is theoretically analyzed, full-wave simulated, and demonstrated by experiment. An 8 × 8 metasurface prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that steered beams from −30◦ to +30◦ without grating lobes in both xoz and yoz planes can be obtained around 9.5 GHz. The sidelobe level (SLL) can be minimized to −8.87

KW - Active coding

KW - fixed phase delay (FPD)

KW - passive coding

KW - reconfigurable metasurface

KW - single-beam scanning

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U2 - 10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617

DO - 10.1109/TAP.2024.3507617

M3 - Article

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

JF - IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

IS - 3

ER -

Single-Beam-Scanning 1-bit Metasurface With Dual Circular Polarization Based on Hybrid Coding Mechanism

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