Shockwave characteristics of ammonium perchlorate-modified aluminized explosives in underwater explosion

The addition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) to aluminized explosives significantly enhances their energy release capacity. Understanding the underwater explosion shockwave characteristics of AP-modified aluminized explosives is critical for enhancing their damage capability and improving the survivability and combat effectiveness of underwater equipment. In this study, the explosive-oxygen ratio was first employed for parametric characterization of AP content. A one-dimensional wedge-shaped simulation model was established to calculate the underwater explosion of CL-20-based aluminized explosives with varying AP contents, and experimentally validated with agreement between computational and experimental results. Based on explosion similarity laws, an energy flux density calculation model incorporating the explosive-oxygen ratio correction parameter was developed. Results indicate that within a certain range, as the explosive-oxygen ratio increases, peak shockwave pressure remains essentially unchanged, while shockwave energy gradually decreases. Increased AP content effectively supports the energy release of the aluminum powder reaction and exhibits a more significant impact on shockwave energy. The established model demonstrates practical engineering value, and these findings provide critical references for optimizing aluminized explosive designs.