RShDet: An Adaptive Spectral-Aware Network for Remote Sensing Object Detection Under Haze Corruption

Remote sensing (RS) object detection faces intrinsic challenges arising from the overhead imaging paradigm and the diversity of climatic conditions. In particular, atmospheric phenomena such as clouds and haze cause severe visual degradation, making reliable object detection difficult. However, most existing detectors are developed under clear-weather conditions, which limits their generalization capability in realistic haze-degraded RS scenarios. To alleviate this issue, an adaptive spectral-aware network for RS object detection under haze interference is proposed, termed RShDet, which is designed to handle both high-altitude RS imagery and low-altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) scenarios. Firstly, the Object-Centered Dynamic Enhancement (OCDE) module dynamically adjusts the spatial positions of key-value pairs through query-agnostic offsets, enabling the network to emphasize object-relevant regions while suppressing haze-induced background interference. Secondly, the Dynamic Multi-Spectral Perception and Filtering (DSPF) module introduces a multi-spectral attention mechanism that adaptively selects informative frequency components, thereby enhancing discriminative feature representations in hazy environments. Thirdly, the Frequency-Domain Multi-Feature Fusion (FDMF) module employs learnable weights to complementarily integrate amplitude and phase information in the frequency domain, enabling effective cross-task feature interaction between the enhancement and detection branches. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RShDet consistently achieves superior detection performance under hazy conditions across both synthetic and real-world benchmarks. Specifically, it achieves improvements of 2.4% mAP50 on Hazy-DOTA, 1.9% mAP on HazyDet, and 2.33% mAP on the real-world foggy dataset RTTS, surpassing existing state-of-the-art methods.