Roadmap of 6G Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces with Nematic Liquid Crystals: Fundamentals, State-of-the-Art, and Challenges

Dynamically reconfigurable liquid crystal-based reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (LCRIS) have emerged as a promising technology for addressing the requirements of 5G/6G wireless communication systems. To achieve the transition from laboratory settings (LC phase elements) to commercial deployment (LC electro-optic panel), significant advancements are necessary for the development of these advanced network technologies on an unprecedented scale. This study presents a comprehensive prospective analysis of LCRIS technology, elucidating its potential for cutting-edge applications within the context of 5G/6G networks. It explores the distinctive capabilities of LCRIS in optimizing signal propagation, mitigating interference, and enhancing overall network performance. Moreover, this review seeks to tackle the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration and commercialization of LCRIS by offering valuable insights into its potential, thereby facilitating the transition of 5G/6G technologies from laboratory settings to practical real-world applications, thereby unlocking novel possibilities for next-generation wireless communication systems.