Review of Defects in the Production and Service of Lithium-ion Batteries

With the continuous promotion of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”, the rapid development of electric vehicles and electrochemical energy storage has emerged. Meanwhile, safety accidents caused by defective batteries have drawn widespread attention. Therefore, identifying the defects in the production and service process of lithium-ion batteries is of great significance for the sustainable and healthy development of new energy. Firstly, the defects in the production and service of lithium-ion batteries are classified, including manufacture defects, aging defects, packaging defects, and structural defects. On this basis, the article analyzes the causes of different types of defect, their impacts on battery performance, and identification methods. Special emphasis is placed on the multi-physics field manifestations of batteries with various defects, and a discussion is provided on the current detection/monitoring methods. Finally, the article summarizes non-destructive detection/ monitoring methods for defective batteries at the present stage and offers prospects for the future development direction of defective battery identification.