Resource Allocation and Management in Multisatellite Collaborative Networks: Frameworks, Key Techniques, and Challenges

With the rapid deployment of hybrid mega-constellations, efficient resource allocation (RA) in multisatellite collaborative (MSC) networks has become critical to support diverse, delay-sensitive, and computation-intensive services. This article presents a structured three-tier collaboration framework, intraorbit, interorbit, and heterogeneous satellite collaboration to transform static RA into adaptive, multitimescale optimization. We analyze three fundamental challenges that distinguish MSC networks from terrestrial systems: highly dynamic topology, multidimensional onboard resource coupling (power, spectrum, computation, and caching), and complex 3D interference. For each challenge, we survey optimization techniques (convex programming, game theory, and deep reinforcement learning) and key enabling mechanisms, including dynamic spectrum management, joint power/beamforming control, routing and handover, computing resource scheduling, reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted beamforming, and advanced multiple access. Furthermore, a case study of RA under the proposed MSC framework is presented and realistic constraints are discussed. Finally, we highlight open problems, collaboration formation, green communications, security/privacy, and outline directions for future research.