Research on Precision Tool Setting Technology Based on In-situ Optical Imaging

Single-point diamond turning (SPDT) is a core technology for high-precision manufacturing of optical components, enabling direct fabrication of surfaces with micron-scale shape accuracy and nano-scale roughness. As a primary step in SPDT, tool setting precision and efficiency directly determine machining quality and production efficiency. Traditional tool setting relies on off-line measurement, involving cyclic "trial cutting-disassembly-measurement-installation-compensation" operations that introduce lengthy processes and error accumulation due to repeated workpiece handling. In contrast, in-situ measurement simplifies tool setting to "trial cutting-measurement-compensation," avoiding disassembly-induced errors and improving efficiency. This paper proposes a precision tool setting method based on in-situ optical microscopy, leveraging its high integration and magnification for on-site high-precision, high-efficiency operation. We systematically analyze tool setting error mechanisms on machining accuracy, develop axis-specific compensation strategies (a pathfinding algorithm for Y-axis and a burr feature discrimination method for X-axis), and construct a complete multi-axis error compensation process. Experiments verify the method: tool setting is completed within 10 minutes with errors controlled within 0.5 μm, meeting SPDT requirements and providing a reliable solution for industrial applications.