Research on DOA Estimation Algorithm for Sparse Conformal Array Based on Convex Optimization and Sum and Difference Beamforming

In response to the technical challenges encountered in direction finding by sparse conformal arrays, this paper proposes a Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm for sparse conformal arrays based on convex optimization and beamforming. Firstly, a far-field signal model is constructed for sparse arrays of arbitrary geometric structures. Subsequently, a method is proposed to optimize the beamforming directional diagram using convex optimization algorithms. By transforming the non-convex constraint problem of controlling the main lobe width of sum and difference beams into a convex constraint problem, the paper achieves an efficient solution for the optimal weight vectors of sum and difference beams in conformal sparse arrays. The proposed algorithm is capable of realizing real-time and accurate angle estimation for conformal sparse arrays.