Replying LEO Space Congestion: Analysis of Relative Motion Threat Domains and Exploration of Environmental Carrying Capacity

This paper addresses the escalating congestion in low Earth orbit (LEO) due to the rapid deployment of mega-constellations, posing significant risks to spacecraft safety and environmental sustainability. To quantify collision risks, we propose a novel Relative Motion Threat Domain (RMTD) model based on transfer fuel consumption analysis. Based on RMTD, a dynamic monitoring strategy is proposed to keep spacecraft operational safely. The strategy enhances computational efficiency by a factor of 2.7. Furthermore, we integrate non-cooperative maneuvers with operational satellites' collision avoidance strategy to explore the orbital plane carrying capacity and infer the carrying capacity of LEO environment.