Recent progress of microwave absorption motivated by metal single atoms anchored on two-dimensional materials

Recently, metal single atoms anchored on two-dimensional materials (MSA/2DMs), with designable polarization centers, amplified polarization loss, and adjustable structural loss, have been explored for advanced microwave absorption (MA) materials to address increasing electromagnetic pollution and interference in both military and civilian fields. However, research on the relationship between electronic states at interfaces and corresponding electromagnetic properties is insufficient, leading to an inadequate analysis of electromagnetic wave attenuation mechanisms in MSA/2DMs. Herein, based on recent researches, this review presents the preparation difficulties on dispersion, introduces absorption characteristics and advanced techniques for polarization loss, and explores the origin of dielectric loss based on electronic states and asymmetric coordination configurations. Furthermore, the review outlines new challenges and perspectives for development of MSA/2DMs, covering structural design and MA performance optimization. Focusing on the interfacial interaction between MSA and 2D support, it provides insights into attenuation mechanisms from a microcosmic viewpoint, and aims to inspire new ideas in exploration of MSA/2DMs.