Recent Advances of 3D Structure Based Micro Energy Storage Devices

Micro-scale energy storage devices emerge as a research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to their particular demands in areas such as wearable devices, implantable medical devices, Internet of Things sensors, micro-electromechanical systems. The 3D structural designs of these devices show significant potential for enhancing energy storage performance by enabling high active material loading, efficient ion/electron transport within limited spaces. This review highlights the research progress of micro-scale energy storage devices designed with 3D structures, with a particular focus on various fabrication methods for 3D structural electrodes, the state-of-the-art performance of two dominant device categories: micro-supercapacitors and micro-batteries. Furthermore, addressing the current challenges faced by 3D micro energy storage devices, such as scalable fabrication, material stability, compatibility, ecological, and safety concerns, proposed solutions, and future development directions are presented.