Problems with M2

C. Gao; H. Weber

doi:10.1016/S0030-3992(00)00045-1

Problems with M²

C. Gao^*, H. Weber

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Optics and Photonics

Technical University of Berlin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

M² is now widely used to characterize the quality of laser radiation. In the paraxial approach the inequality M²≥1 holds, if M² is defined by the second moments. Nevertheless, in some publications M²<1 is presented, either theoretically or experimentally. In particular, it is stated that for a superposition of axially shifted Gaussian spherical beams, M² can become smaller than one. These problems with M² are briefly summarized.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	221-224
Number of pages	4
Journal	Optics and Laser Technology
Volume	32
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-3992(00)00045-1
Publication status	Published - Jun 2000

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title = "Problems with M2",

abstract = "M2 is now widely used to characterize the quality of laser radiation. In the paraxial approach the inequality M2≥1 holds, if M2 is defined by the second moments. Nevertheless, in some publications M2<1 is presented, either theoretically or experimentally. In particular, it is stated that for a superposition of axially shifted Gaussian spherical beams, M2 can become smaller than one. These problems with M2 are briefly summarized.",

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AB - M2 is now widely used to characterize the quality of laser radiation. In the paraxial approach the inequality M2≥1 holds, if M2 is defined by the second moments. Nevertheless, in some publications M2<1 is presented, either theoretically or experimentally. In particular, it is stated that for a superposition of axially shifted Gaussian spherical beams, M2 can become smaller than one. These problems with M2 are briefly summarized.

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Problems with M²

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