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Prescriptive preparation and verification of nonstabilizer states

  • Jian Li
  • , Ye Chao Liu*
  • , Xiao Xiao Chen
  • , Zhe Meng
  • , Xing Yan Fan
  • , Wen Hao Wang
  • , Jie Ma
  • , An Ning Zhang*
  • , Jiangwei Shang*
  • *Corresponding author for this work
  • Beijing Institute of Technology
  • Zuse Institute Berlin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

High-fidelity quantum-state preparation is a central task in quantum information science. In practice, it is commonly guided either by full quantum state tomography, which becomes prohibitively resource-intensive as system size grows, or by empirically chosen measurement settings that lack principled optimality. Here, we show that quantum state verification (QSV) can be elevated from a purely diagnostic tool to a prescriptive framework for quantum-state preparation, directly specifying experimentally optimal measurements and quantitative fidelity indicators without full state reconstruction. We experimentally realize this prescriptive paradigm using a three-qubit nonstabilizer W state and a modified homogeneous QSV protocol. The verification measurements not only certify the prepared state with high confidence but also serve as a tomography-free indicator that systematically informs the preparation procedure. Using only nine measurement settings and 104 samples, we achieve high-fidelity state preparation consistent with full tomography that requires orders of magnitude more resources. Beyond the present implementation, the prescriptive structure of QSV is naturally compatible with closed-loop feedback control, outlining a pathway toward genuine real-time quantum-state preparation in future low-latency platforms.

Original languageEnglish
Article number014074
JournalPhysical Review Applied
Volume26
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2026
Externally publishedYes

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